What is Melasma and How is it Treated?
What is Melasma?
Melasma is a hyperpigmentation problem that manifests itself with symmetrical and dark spots on the skin. It is especially seen in the face area (forehead, cheeks, nose and upper lip) and occurs more in women. Hormonal changes, sun exposure and genetic predisposition are the main causes of melasma.
What Causes Melasma?
- Sunlight: UV rays trigger spots by increasing melanin production.
- Hormonal Changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills and hormonal treatments can increase melasma (melasma seen during pregnancy is called “pregnancy mask”).
- Genetic Predisposition: People with a family history of melasma are at higher risk.
- Skin Type: Melasma is more common in people with dark skin tones.
How is Melasma Treated?
1. Sun Protection
The most important step in melasma treatment is to protect yourself from UV rays. Dermatologists recommend daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreens with at least SPF 50.
2. Topical Treatments
- Hydroquinone: It is an effective ingredient that lightens the color of spots on the skin.
- Retinoids: It accelerates the renewal of skin cells.
- Kojic Acid and Azelaic Acid: They are natural ingredients that help even out skin tone.
3. Chemical Peel
Chemical peels help reduce spots by peeling the upper layer of the skin. Peels containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) are frequently used in the treatment of melasma.
4. Laser Treatment
Laser systems such as Q-Switch and Fraxel break down melanin pigments accumulated in the lower layers of the skin, reducing the appearance of spots. However, it is very important to protect yourself from the sun after laser treatment, otherwise melasma may recur.
5. Mesotherapy
The mesotherapy method used in the treatment of melasma reduces the formation of spots and supports skin renewal by injecting vitamins and antioxidants under the skin.
What to Consider in Melasma Treatment?
- Protect from the Sun: Exposure to the sun during the treatment process can increase spots.
- Be Patient: Melasma treatment can take a long time and requires regular care.
- Treatment Under Expert Control: Using the wrong product can cause skin irritation and increase spots. Always consult a dermatologist before starting treatment.
Conclusion
Melasma is a skin problem that can negatively affect quality of life but can be controlled with appropriate treatment. The appearance of spots can be reduced with sun protection and correct treatment methods. Being patient during the treatment process and continuing regular dermatologist check-ups are critical for successful results.
